Inheritance Tax

Inheritance Tax (IHT) is a tax that is levied on a person’s estate when they die and can also be payable during a person’s lifetime on certain trusts and gifts. The rate of Inheritance Tax payable is 40% on death and 20% on lifetime gifts.  There is a nil-rate band, currently £325,000 below which no IHT is payable.

Transfers between married couples and civil partners are not usually subject to IHT, meaning that when the first partner of a couple dies leaving their estate to the other no IHT will be payable. The surviving partner also receives any unused nil-rate band allowance of the deceased.

The main limitations on spouse or civil partner exemption are that it does not apply to

• postponed gifts – under certain circumstances, a transfer to a spouse or civil partner is not exempt if it ‘takes effect on the termination after the transfer of value of any interest or period’.
• conditional gifts – a gift to a spouse or civil partner is not exempt if it depends on a condition which is not satisfied within twelve months after the transfer.

In addition, the spouse or civil partner exemption does not apply to certain dealings with settled property, including reversionary interests.

The government introduced new rules to encourage charitable giving on death in 2012. The rule which has remained unchanged ever since means that a reduced rate of Inheritance Tax (IHT) of 36% (reduced from 40%) applies where 10% or more of a deceased’s net estate is left to charity. The lower rate applies where 10% or more of the ‘net value’ of the estate is left to charity.

The current IHT nil rate band is £325,000 per person, below which no Inheritance Tax is payable. Any unused nil rate band can usually be transferred to a surviving spouse or civil partner.

HMRC also have a calculator tool that will help work out the charity donation required to qualify for the reduced rate and will check whether an existing bequest is sufficient to qualify for the reduced rate. The calculator can be found at www.hmrc.gov.uk/tools/iht-reduced-rate/calculator.htm

In order to use the calculator, you will need to know:

•    the value of the assets in the estate
•    how the assets are owned
•    the total value of the assets in each part of the estate (‘component’)
•    the value of any debts and liabilities that must be paid out of the estate
•    the amount of any Inheritance Tax relief and exemptions
•    the amount of any charitable donations already made
•    the value of the threshold (‘nil rate band’)
•    the value of gifts the deceased made in the 7 years before death

A gift smaller than 10% can also be left to charity in your Will. If this is the case, the charitable donation will be taken off the value of your estate before IHT is calculated.

The donation to charity can be a fixed amount, an item, or the balance of what’s left after other gifts have been given out.